Knee pain can be caused by a variety of factors, including injury, inflammatory disease, and degenerative disease. Here are the main causes:
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1. Degenerative Disease (Osteoarthritis)
Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of knee pain in adults, especially older adults. Over time, the cartilage that covers the bones in the joint wears down, causing the bones to rub against each other, causing pain, inflammation, and decreased mobility.
2. Inflammatory Disease
Rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases can cause inflammation in the knee joints. The immune system mistakenly attacks the tissues of the joint, causing pain, swelling, and deformity.
Infectious arthritis (septic arthritis) occurs when an infection gets into the joint, causing severe pain, redness, and swelling.
3. Injuries
Meniscus Tears: The meniscus is the cartilaginous cushion between the femur and tibia. A meniscus tear can occur with sharp turns or injuries.
Ligament damage: A torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or other ligaments in the knee is a common sports injury.
Bone fractures: A fall or injury can break one of the bones that make up the knee joint, causing severe pain and swelling.
4. Bursitis
Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between the tissues of the joint. When a bursa becomes irritated or inflamed (bursitis), pain and swelling occur in the knee area.
5. Gout and pseudogout
Gout is when uric acid crystals are deposited in the joints, causing severe pain and inflammation.Pseudogout is similar to gout but is caused by calcium pyrophosphate crystals.
6. Patellofemoral pain syndrome (runner’s knee)
This problem often occurs in athletes and active people. It is associated with overuse and improper loading of the knee joint and femur, which causes pain and discomfort, especially when walking up stairs or sitting for a long time.
7. Excess weight and improper loading of joints
Excess weight puts additional stress on the knee joints, which accelerates the wear of cartilage tissue and can cause constant pain, even with everyday activities.
8. Age-related changes
As we age, tissues lose elasticity, cartilage thins, and synovial fluid decreases, making joints more vulnerable to pain and damage.
Stem cell therapy for knee joints has become popular due to its ability to restore damaged tissue, slow down degenerative processes, and reduce pain without surgery. Unlike traditional treatments, which often only focus on pain relief or temporary relief, stem cells help regenerate cartilage and other joint tissues, which is especially important for osteoarthritis and knee injuries.
Why is stem cell therapy becoming popular?
Tissue regeneration ability:
Stem cells can differentiate into cartilage and stimulate its growth, which helps to repair damaged cartilage and slow the progression of osteoarthritis. This makes them an attractive option for those looking for long-term improvement in joint health rather than temporary symptom relief.
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Fewer side effects compared to surgery:
Stem cells offer a treatment option without the need for complex surgeries such as joint replacement. The procedure is minimally invasive and typically involves injecting cells, reducing the risk of infection and other complications associated with surgery.
Anti-inflammatory effect:
Stem cells reduce inflammation in the joint by releasing anti-inflammatory molecules. This helps reduce pain and swelling, improving mobility and quality of life for patients.
Versatility and effectiveness for various problems:
Stem cell therapy is effective for osteoarthritis, meniscus damage, ligament damage, and other knee problems. Research shows that many patients, even those with chronic conditions, experience significant pain relief and improved mobility.
Delay or alternative to replacement:
Knee replacement is an invasive procedure with a long recovery period. For many patients, stem cell therapy has become a less traumatic alternative that helps delay or even avoid the need for surgery.
Fast recovery after the procedure:
Unlike surgery, stem cell injection requires minimal recovery time. Patients can return to daily activities faster, which is especially important for those who cannot afford a long rehabilitation period.
Improved availability and technology:
Modern biotechnology has improved the methods of culturing and introducing stem cells, and has made treatment more accessible.As a result, the therapy has become more popular and accessible.
Who is suitable for stem cell therapy?
The therapy is especially useful for people with moderate osteoarthritis, damaged cartilage, or knee injuries, as well as for those who are looking for an alternative or a delay in surgery.
Knee stem cell therapy is used to restore cartilage and other joint tissues, especially in diseases such as osteoarthritis and meniscus damage. It is an innovative method that aims to regenerate damaged tissue, reduce inflammation, and slow down the progression of the disease.
How does stem cell therapy for knee joints work?
Stimulation of regeneration:
Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are able to differentiate into cartilage, bone, and connective tissue cells. When injected into a joint, they can help restore damaged cartilage that is slow to regenerate with standard treatments.
Anti-inflammatory effect:
Stem cells secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that reduce inflammation in the joint, reducing pain and improving mobility. This is especially useful in osteoarthritis, where inflammation causes significant pain and swelling.
Pain reduction:
With their regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties, stem cells help reduce knee pain. Studies show that patients with osteoarthritis or knee joint injuries experience significant pain reduction after stem cell therapy.Slowing down the progression of the disease:
In osteoarthritis and other degenerative joint diseases, stem cell therapy can slow down the destruction of cartilage, allowing the joint to function longer and delaying the need for surgical interventions such as joint replacement.
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How is the procedure performed?
Stem cell collection:
Most commonly, donor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used, which are obtained from bone marrow or adipose tissue) or the patient’s cells, if the patient does not have an autoimmune process or the damage is not severe.).
Preparation and administration:
The cells are processed and prepared for injection, then injected into the affected knee joint.
Rehabilitation:
Patients are usually advised to exercise gently to allow the cells to integrate and begin the regeneration process. The full effect may take several months after the procedure.
Indications and contraindications
Contraindications: active joint infections, malignant neoplasms,
Use of chondrocyte cells in our treatment protocols.
Chondrocytes are the cells that make up the bulk of cartilage tissue, and their role in the treatment of knee joints is especially important, as they can help restore damaged cartilage. Chondrocytes produce components such as collagen and proteoglycans, which provide elasticity and strength to cartilage tissue. In knee therapy, these cells are used mainly for cartilage injuries and in cases of osteoarthritis, when the cartilage is worn out or damaged.How do chondrocytes work in the treatment of knee joints?
Cartilage tissue restoration:
Chondrocytes have the ability to restore cartilage, helping to create new tissue in damaged areas. The introduction of chondrocytes can promote the natural growth of cartilage, improving cushioning and reducing friction between bones in the joint.
Supporting the structure of the joint:
Chondrocytes help maintain the normal structure and density of cartilage tissue, which helps the joint withstand loads. This is especially important in the knee, where the joint bears a lot of stress when walking, running and other movements.
Reducing pain and improving mobility:
Restoring cartilage with chondrocytes can reduce pain and improve joint mobility. Damaged cartilage is one of the causes of pain in osteoarthritis, and its restoration helps reduce discomfort and improve the patient’s quality of life.
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Methods of using chondrocytes
Combination with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs):
Chondrocytes are combined with stem cells to enhance the regeneration effect and improve the conditions for cartilage restoration. An anti-inflammatory cytokine complex may also be included in the therapy.
Efficiency and advantages
Stem cell therapy helps many patients improve mobility and eliminate pain in the knee joint. Although results may vary, studies show that a significant number of patients experience improvement in their condition for 2-5 years or more after therapy.
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