Heart failure (HF) is a condition in which the heart cannot pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs for oxygen and nutrients. This leads to stagnation of blood in organs and tissues, insufficient blood supply to organs, which causes symptoms such as shortness of breath, swelling, fatigue and decreased physical activity.
Stem Cells Treatment for Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy NEW TREATMENT PROTOCOL 2026
The main types of heart failure:
Left ventricular failure – difficulty pumping blood from the left ventricle to the aorta, which leads to blood stagnation in the lungs (shortness of breath, cough).
Right ventricular failure – dysfunction of the right ventricle, causing blood stagnation in the systemic circulation (swelling of the legs, enlarged liver).
Systolic failure – decreased ability of the heart to contract and eject blood.
Diastolic failure – impaired ability of the heart to relax and fill with blood.
When does heart failure most often occur?
Heart failure most often occurs in the following situations:
Old age – due to age-related changes in the heart muscle and blood vessels.
After a myocardial infarction – the damaged part of the heart muscle reduces the overall efficiency of heart contractions.
With arterial hypertension – chronically high blood pressure overloads the heart.
With chronic heart diseases – such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiomyopathy.
In people with diabetes – damage to blood vessels and myocardium due to metabolic disorders.
After infectious diseases – myocarditis or complications after viral infections.
As a result of alcohol and drug abuse.
In patients with chronic lung diseases – for example, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
After severe arrhythmias – heart rhythm disturbances, such as atrial fibrillation.
Heart failure in adulthood can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
Hypertension (high blood pressure) – puts strain on the heart, which can weaken the heart muscle over time.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) – includes angina and previous myocardial infarction, which damage heart tissue and reduce its ability to pump blood effectively.
Cardiomyopathies – diseases of the heart muscle (such as dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) that weaken the heart.
Diabetes – increases the risk of atherosclerosis and damage to the heart muscle.
Heart defects (congenital or acquired) – valve defects or structural abnormalities that affect the functioning of the heart.
Myocarditis – inflammation of the heart muscle, often caused by viral infections.
Chronic lung diseases (such as COPD) – increase the strain on the heart.
Obesity and metabolic syndrome – increased stress on the cardiovascular system.
Arrhythmias – disturbances in heart rhythm that reduce the efficiency of the heart.
Alcohol and drug abuse – toxic effects on the heart muscle.
Anemia and thyroid disease – can increase the stress on the heart.
Age-related changes – natural weakening of the heart muscle and blood vessels.
OUR DIRECTION IN TREATMENT HEART DISEASES:Cardiomyocyte-Based Stem Cell Therapy for Heart Failure: A New Frontier in Regenerative Cardiology
The use of stem cells in the treatment of heart failure is an innovative approach aimed at restoring damaged heart muscle and improving its function. This method is actively being studied in clinical and experimental studies.
Mechanism of action of stem cells:
Stem cells have the ability to:
Differentiate into cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells) and other types of cells.
Stimulate tissue regeneration by secreting growth factors and cytokines.
Reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, which promotes tissue regeneration.
Improve blood supply by stimulating angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels).
Types of stem cells used in therapy:
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs):
Obtained from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood.
Have anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs):
Used mainly from bone marrow.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs):
Genetically reprogrammed cells capable of transforming into various tissues, including the heart muscle.
Cardiac stem cells:
Obtained directly from heart tissue, have a high capacity for regenerating cardiomyocytes.
Efficacy and current results of Cardiospheric stem cells (CSCs) use:
Clinical trials have shown an improvement in ejection fraction, a reduction in heart failure symptoms, and an improvement in the quality of life of patients.
Cardiospheric stem cells (CSCs) are specialized cells obtained from heart tissue that show promising results in the treatment of heart failure. These cells are able to stimulate myocardial regeneration, improve blood supply, and reduce inflammation.
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What are cardiosphere stem cells (CSCs)?
Cardiospheres (CS) are three-dimensional structures formed in culture from cardiac tissue containing:
Cardiac stem cells.
Pre-cardiomyocytes (predecessors of cardiac muscle cells).
Fibroblasts and endothelial cells involved in regeneration.
Cardiosphere stem cells (CSCs) are isolated from these cardiospheres and have increased regenerative capacity.
Mechanisms of action of CSCs in heart failure:
Regeneration of cardiomyocytes:
CSCs are able to differentiate into new cardiac muscle cells, which helps restore damaged myocardium.
Paracrine action:
They secrete biologically active molecules (growth factors, cytokines) that stimulate regenerative processes and angiogenesis (formation of new vessels).
Anti-inflammatory action:
Reduce chronic inflammation associated with heart failure.
Stimulation of angiogenesis:
Formation of new vessels improves blood supply to the heart muscle.
Immunomodulation:
They help regulate immune responses, reducing tissue damage.
How is cardiospheric stem cell therapy performed?
Efficiency and research results:
Improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction.
Reduction in scar tissue volume after myocardial infarction.
Improvement in quality of life and reduction in heart failure symptoms.
Some clinical studies (eg, CADUCEUS and ALLSTAR) have shown positive results.
Advantages of CSCs over other types of stem cells:
Cardiac specificity: Derived from heart tissue, which increases their effectiveness.
High regenerative capacity.
Clinical studies and results:
CADUCEUS study: Patients with myocardial infarction received CSC injections. After 6 months, a decrease in scar size and an increase in viable myocardial mass were observed. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved by 16.4% in the experimental group compared to 1.3% in the control group.
MORE ABOUT HEART DISEASES THERAPY WITH BIOBANK PRODUCTS: Stem cells treatment of heart diseases
ALLSTAR study: The safety and efficacy of allogeneic CSCs was assessed in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. The results showed a decrease in scar size and improved cardiac function, confirming the potential of CSCs in myocardial regeneration
2023 study: Included 565 patients with chronic heart failure and low ejection fraction. Patients received an injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of embryonic origin + cardiospheres. After 12 months, a significant reduction in the risk of heart failure decompensation or ventricular arrhythmias was found.
Early studies: Included small groups of patients (eg, 24 people) where allogeneic stem cell injections resulted in a reduction in the frequency of angina attacks. After six months, patients who received stem cell injections had an average of 7.6 chest pain attacks per week, compared to almost twice as many in the control group
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