Results of delay development treatment using stem cells therapy

Every year, society becomes more tolerant and aware of people with special needs and congenital syndromes and defects. Modern medicine and pedagogy, and the main desire of others, make it possible to significantly facilitate the integration of such people, improve the length and quality of life.

Down syndrome (DS), first described by the English scientist John Langdon Down as “mongolism”, is considered the most common chromosomal abnormality. The cause of DM is trisomy 21 of chromosome (95% of cases), its translocation (4%) and mosaicism (1%). People with DM have characteristic features of appearance and behavior. Down syndrome is associated with mental retardation, impaired socialization and speech, global cognitive impairment, reduced immunity, heart defects, and an increased risk of leukemia. One of the problems of DM is the early development of Alzheimer’s disease, degenerative changes in the brain, etc. It is impossible to cure Down’s syndrome.

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Even 40 years ago, the average life expectancy of people with DM did not exceed 30 years. Now this figure has increased to 60 years, and modern drugs and alternative treatments, such as gene and cell therapy, help to reduce or even eliminate the symptoms of diabetes.

The basis of the action of stem cells in Down syndrome is their ability to restore damaged areas of the brain, accelerate the regeneration and growth of neurons, as well as protect the myelin sheath of nerves. The ability of stem cells to improve immunity, normalize metabolic processes and remove inflammation in the human body is important.If cell therapy is carried out in early childhood, you can expect to improve the child’s ability to learn and perceive information, develop speech, improve socialization and awareness.

Cell therapy for adult patients with DM can help halt early neuronal aging and brain damage, and improve memory and cognitive function.

In clinical studies of cell therapy for Down syndrome, the following are used:

Embryonic or fetal stem cells. Although they have shown effectiveness, they are prohibited in most countries due to the ethics of obtaining them, the risk of infection, and the ability to turn into tumors.

Stem cells obtained from umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord tissue or placenta. The most active, young and safe. Ideally, these are cells isolated from material collected at the birth of the person himself or his sibling.

Stromal mesenchymal cells derived from the neural crest (from skin hair follicles). A young, healthy relative who does not have bad habits can become a donor.

Stromal mesenchymal cells obtained from adipose tissue or bone marrow of a healthy donor.

iPS cells. Virus-modified stem cells or adult cells. The effect of these cells, as well as the risks associated with their use, are still being investigated.

The Internet provides quite a lot of information about cell therapy in the case of DM. The most interesting, in our opinion, are the articles that show the direct effect of cell therapy on patients with Down syndrome of different ages.In our review of articles, we excluded patients with severe heart disease or leukemia in whom cell therapy is part of standard treatment.

Analyzing the articles, it becomes clear that the effectiveness of cell therapy for people with Down syndrome has not yet been conclusively proven. First of all, this is due to the small group of patients who underwent experimental treatment, the selected type of stem cells, the place of administration and the doses. So, for example, intramuscular administration did not show any effectiveness. The most encouraging results are shared by Chinese scientists from the Intervention Hospital of Shandong Red Cross Society, China. More than 300 patients aged from 8 months to 8 years received cell therapy in the hospital. Most showed varying degrees of improvement in intelligence, speech, muscle strength, and motor coordination.

Experiments on mice, on the contrary, showed significant effectiveness of cell therapy and improvement of all basic indicators, primarily due to local introduction of stem cells into brain areas.

European and American biobanks and clinics report single cases of use and positive changes in the condition of children with Down syndrome. Doctors have faced difficulties in selecting a sufficient number of patients with the same indicators to conduct full-fledged clinical trials. China and India, with a larger sample of patients, are already offering cell therapy for Down syndrome as an alternative therapy.

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Experience in our clinic in the treatment of patients with Down syndrome is also small, only 22 children received such therapy. Some (14) of them noted the disappearance of signs of ASD (autistic spectrum disorder) in the child’s behavior, improvement in physical strength and ability after umbilical cord blood therapy to study already within a year after application. Others(8), unfortunately, did not show significant improvement in mental and social skills.

It is too early to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of cell therapy for Down syndrome, although scientists and doctors note the prospects of such treatment for improving the main symptoms. For our part, we recommend saving umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord and placenta for children with Down syndrome not only because of the special importance of cell therapy for them.

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Modern conditions allow people with Down syndrome to live long and fully, that is, to face the risks and diseases of ordinary people. Preservation of stem cells, as additional protection for the child, should be a conscious and balanced decision of all parents without exception.